Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains. On the web ontology rule language owl 2 rl son thanh cao1, linh anh nguyen 2, and andrzej sza las. A semantic web primer guide books acm digital library. This page explains the web ontology language owl 2 to us who are visually oriented. It is known that the owl 2 rl web ontology language profile has ptime data complexity and can be translated into datalog. Semantic technologies for advanced query answering pp 112183 cite as. The most expressive owl 2 profile with guaranteed decidability of. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. An ontology is a set of precise descriptive statements. However, owl is used in webindependent applications as well.
Web ontology language owl semantics for example, we can state in our ontology. The w3c owl 2 web ontology language owl is a semantic web. Consistency and entailment checking are known to be undecidable for owl 2 full. The reason is that, when translated into datalog, the result may consist of a datalog program and a set of constraints in the form of negative clauses. Department of computer science, university of oxford, uk markus. Changlong wang 1, 2, 3, zhiyong feng 1, 2, xiaowang zhang 1, 2, xin wang 1, 2, guozheng rao 1, 2, daoxun fu 1, 2. Owl 2 owl 2, became a w3c recommendation in 27 october 2009. University of dublin trinity college introduction to web ontology language owl owen.
In particular, we adopt owl 2 ql as the ontology language used to express the global schema. An introduction and uml profile for the web ontology language. On the web ontology rule language owl 2 rl springerlink. Owl and owl 2 are called web ontology languages because they are based on web standards such as xml, iris, and rdf, and because they are designed in such a way that they can be used over the web for example, one owl file can import others by their. However, owl superseded rdfrdfs in 2004 as a web ontology language and. An ontology language for the semantic web which is extended from owl 1 and empowered by new features. Owl 1 chapter 4 a semantic web primer grigoris antoniou frank van harmelen.
Jan 23, 2014 lecture video by mustafa jarrar at birzeit university, palestine. Owl web ontology language owl is an ontology language standard for web applications of ontologies the semantic web. The ontology web language owl is a set of markup languages which are designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans the owl ontology describe the hierarchical organization of ideas in a domain, in a way that can be parsed and understood by software. Owl s is an ontology, within the owl based framework of the semantic web, for describing semantic web services. School of computer science and technology, tianjin university, tianjin 300072, china 2. An owl dl ontology is just a description logic ontology in a certain standardised syntax. Representing information using the web ontology language. Dec 11, 2012 the owl 2 web ontology language, informally owl 2, is an ontology language for the semantic web with formally defined meaning.
Web ontology language owl world wide web consortium. The ontology web language owl is a set of markup languages which are designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans. Therefore, a knowledge base in owl 2 rl may be unsatisfiable. Owl 2 web ontology language primer second edition request pdf. This chapter describes concepts related to the support for a subset of the web ontology language owl. Citeseerx on the web ontology rule language owl 2 rl. All the formats i mentioned, except hdt, can be easily edited in a text editor. In this paper we describe racer, which can be considered as a core inference engine for the semantic web. The most expressive of these languages is owl 2 full, but to date no reasoner has been implemented for this language. The pd semantics 37 is a precursor for owl2rl and for work on supporting owl through horn fragments.
The owl web ontology language is a new formal language for representing ontologies in the semantic web. Apr 14, 2016 w3c recommendation, february 2004 web standard web ontology language built on top of rdf rdf. It is known that the owl 2rl web ontology language profile has ptime data complexity and can be translated into datalog. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress. However, the result of translation may consist of a datalog program and a set of constraints in the form of negative clauses. The owl 2 web ontology language, informally owl 2, is an ontology language for the semantic web with formally defined meaning. Introduction the owl web ontology language is an international standard for encoding and exchanging ontologies and is designed to support the semantic web. Web ontology language owl is a core world wide web consortium w3c. About owl 2 web ontology language xml serialization joinup. Owl 2 ontologies can be used along with information written in rdf, and owl 2 ontologies themselves. The web ontology language owl is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the world wide web.
Citeseerx citation query owl web ontology language reference. The making of a web ontology language ian horrocks,1 peter f. An introduction to lightweight ontology languages reasoning web summer school 2012, 112183, september 2012. It will enable users and software agents to automatically discover, invoke, compose, and monitor web. Formal specification is required in order to be able to process ontologies and operate on ontologies automatically. The concept of the semantic web is that information should be given.
Rdfxml is the most common and recommended syntax for owl 2. Introduction the web ontology language owl has been a w3c recommendation 34 since 2004, with owl 2 43. Eddy also supports the standard profiles of owl 2, i. Automated deduction cade23 23rd international conference on automated deduction, proceedings.
Ontology describes a domain, while a knowledge base. Since these two requirements are typically at odds, the goal of the web ontology language is to find a balance that supports the ability to express the most important kinds of knowledge. Its primary aim is to bring the expressive and reasoning power of description logic to the semantic web. The term ontology has a complex history both in and out of computer science, but we use it to mean a certain kind of computational artifact i. Owl is a computational logicbased language such that knowledge expressed in owl can be exploited by computer programs, e. Chapter 2 an introduction to t he owl web ontology language jeff heflin lehigh university abstract. Jan 05, 2015 one of the goals of this document is to specify what is needed in a web ontology language. Owl was especially designed for creating web ontologies with a rich set of modeling constructors, addressing the ontology engineering limitations of. Owls is an ontology built on top of web ontology language owl by the darpa daml program. Owl, api, java, reasoning, application development 1. An introduction to lightweight ontology languages markus krotzsch. Web ontology language owl owl dl semantics owl example with rdf graph. The w3c web ontology language owl is a semantic web language designed to represent rich and complex knowledge about things, groups of things, and relations between things. Reasoning in the owl 2 full ontology language using firstorder automated theorem proving.
An introduction and uml profile for the web ontology language owl october 23, 2002 elisa f. Special pages permanent link page information wikidata item cite this page. Owl ontology is a set of axioms, which provide explicit logical assertions about three types of things. Owl ontology contains a collection of statements and expressions. It builds on the information in chapter 1, and it assumes that you are familiar with the major concepts associated with owl, such as ontologies, properties, and relationships. Owl 2 is an extension and revision of the owl published in 2004 and is a w3c recommendation. Owl 2 web ontology language profiles world wide web. The w3c web ontology language owl is playing an important role in an increasing number and range of applications, and is the focus of research into tools, reasoning techniques, formal foundations and language extensions. The owl 2 language is not able to express all relations. The owl api has widespread usage in a variety of tools and applications. The owl 2 web ontology language, informally owl 2, is an ontology.
Owl has features from several families of representation languages, including primarily description logics and frames. W3c recommendation, february 2004 web standard web ontology language built on top of rdf rdf. Other new features include a chapter on the new web ontology language 2 owl2 w3c standard and associated rules. Citeseerx citation query owl web ontology language guide.
The three ontology language standards are sublanguages of owl dl. Owl 2 language is a new version, it is a w3c recommendation since october 2009. The w3c owl 2 web ontology language provides syntax examples. Owl also shares many characteristics with rdf, the w3c base of the semantic web. A citation of lloyds foundations of logic programming was added. Owl 2 web ontology language primer second edition request. However, a knowledge base in owl 2 rl may be unsatisfiable. Reasoning in the owl 2 full ontology language using first. Since owl became a world w3c wide web consortium recommendation, there has been a steady stream of web owl ontology language ontology editing tools that have made their way to users desktops. Owl 2 ql is one of the tractable profiles of owl 2, and essentially corresponds to a member of the dllite family, a family of description logics designed to have a good tradeoff between expressive power of the language and computational complexity of. Owl 2 has been standardized by the world wide web consortium w3c as a family of ontology languages for the semantic web. The web ontology language owl extends rdf and rdfs.
It builds on the information in chapter 1, and it assumes that you are familiar with the major concepts associated with owl, such as. One of the goals of this document is to specify what is needed in a web ontology language. The world wide web consortium w3c, an international organization supporting the development of standards for the internet, has recommended owl web ontology language as the ontology language for the semantic web. Patelschneider,2 and frank van harmelen3 1 department of computer science university of manchester oxford road, manchester m 9pl, uk email. Owl s is an ontology built on top of web ontology language owl by the darpa daml program.
These requirements will be motivated by potential use cases and general design objectives that take into account the difficulties in applying the standard notion of ontologies to the unique environment of the web. Future extensions chapter 4 a semantic web primer 2. Introduction to ontologies and semantic web tutorial ontologies ontologies and semantic web. Ontologies introduction to ontologies and semantic web. Owl 1 language is a w3c recommendation since february 2004.
The web ontology language owl is a family of knowledge representation languages for. N2 clinical decision support systems cdsss often base their knowledge and advice on human expertise. Representing human expertise by the owl web ontology. It also shows how to use an owl ontology with swrl rules from java code by calling a reasoner. Web ontology language owl introduction to ontologies and. Tianjin key laboratory of cognitive computing and application, tianjin 300072, china 3. Treatment of the different languages owl2, rules expands the coverage of rdf and.
Owl 2 introduces profiles to improve scalability in typical applications. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. This paper describes a new syntax that can be used to write owl 2. Owl is developed as a vocabulary extension of rdf the resource description. Owl 2 web ontology language profiles second edition. Patelschneider, 2 and frank van harmelen3 1 department of computer science university of manchester. The web ontology language owl is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies.
It will enable users and software agents to automatically discover, invoke, compose, and monitor web resources. The three ontology language standards are sublanguages of owl dl that are restricted in ways that significantly simplify ontological reasoning. School of computer science and engineering, northwest normal university. Owls is an ontology, within the owlbased framework of the semantic web, for describing semantic web services. T1 representing human expertise by the owl web ontology language to support knowledge engineering in decision support systems. Owl 2 ontologies provide classes, properties, individuals, and data values and are stored as semantic web owl 2 web ontology languageprofiles w3c editors draft 20 april 2009. Chapter 4 a semantic web primer 8 reasoning support for owl zsemantics is a prerequisite for reasoning support zformal semantics and reasoning support are usually provided by mapping an ontology language to a known logical formalism using automated reasoners that already exist for those formalisms zowl is partially mapped on a description logic, and.
The language should be able to express a wide variety of knowledge, but should also provide for efficient means to reason with it. The three ontology language standards are sublanguages of owl. Owl 2 ontologies provide classes, properties, individuals, and data values and are stored as semantic web documents. Part of the lecture notes in computer science book series lncs, volume 7487. The reason is that, when translated into datalog, the result may consist of a datalog program and a set of constraints in the. Owl 2 web ontology language quick reference guide 1 namespaces. This document provides a specification of several profiles of owl 2 which can be. Representing information using the web ontology language lacy, lee w.
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